Aging & longevity · Muscle & recovery
SS-31, simplified.
Also called Elamipretide, Forzinity
Approved RxA mitochondria-protecting peptide that became the first approved treatment for a rare genetic disease in 2025.
- Size
- 4 amino acids
- How it is taken
- Daily injection
- Status
- FDA-approved for one rare disease
- Available sizes
- Vials: 10 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg, 50 mg
What is it?
SS-31 sticks to the inner wall of mitochondria and helps keep their energy machinery working.
Got a vial? See how it mixes
Tap your vial size to watch how it is mixed and see exactly what each mark on the syringe holds.
Official prescribing information
Forzinity is FDA-approved. The official label shows how it was dosed in the trials that led to approval, along with warnings and who should not use it.
Doses on the label are for the approved product under a prescriber’s care. Talk with your doctor before starting anything.
What studies show
- In peopleIt received accelerated FDA approval in 2025 for Barth syndrome, a rare inherited disease that weakens muscles and the heart.
- In peopleA larger trial in another mitochondrial disease missed its main goal.
What we don’t know yet
- Whether it has any anti-aging benefit in healthy people.
Side effects and cautions
- Injection-site reactions are common.
Is it legal?
FDA-approved only for Barth syndrome.
Dosage & schedule evidence
How to read published schedules
Third-party protocols are not established clinical dosing standards. Safe human dose, frequency, and duration may be unknown. Research findings may not translate to safe or effective personal use.
| Measurement | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 1 mg | 1,000 mcg (mass) |
| 100 U-100 units | 1 mL (volume, not dose) |
See third-party published protocols ↗ for research context. North Star does not validate these schedules.
Consult your doctor before considering any peptide for personal use. Educational only, not administration guidance.
Common questions
What is SS-31?
A mitochondria-protecting peptide that became the first approved treatment for a rare genetic disease in 2025. SS-31 sticks to the inner wall of mitochondria and helps keep their energy machinery working.
What does the research say about SS-31?
It received accelerated FDA approval in 2025 for Barth syndrome, a rare inherited disease that weakens muscles and the heart. A larger trial in another mitochondrial disease missed its main goal.
Is SS-31 FDA approved?
FDA-approved only for Barth syndrome.
What are the side effects of SS-31?
Injection-site reactions are common.
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This page explains published research in plain language. It is not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a recommendation to take anything, and it does not give dosing. Most peptides here are not FDA-approved, and products sold online vary widely in purity. Rules around peptides are changing, so check the current status and talk with a licensed clinician before starting anything. Last reviewed 2026-10-19.